Monday, May 20, 2013

Test game post-mortem and source code release

The test game is over, as of a few weeks ago.

We made it through 5 turns.  After which I started to get burnt out running the game (I wasn't able to keep thinking up new and interesting events for the countries, and kind of just went with the flow), and about half the players had greatly decreased their activity.  So the game kind of petered out.

Nevertheless, 5 turns was still 4 more than the 1 turn we made it through a few years ago when we tried playing by email.  So the web app does seem to be a viable medium for playing worldsim, but it still takes players who are interested and a Game Master who can continuously make the game interesting.

When I started I didn't think too far ahead into the timeline, but in retrospect, I think I should have had some canned scenarios pre-thought-up for each country to bust out if a turn happened to be otherwise uneventful for them. 

So in conclusion, the web app approach works, but make sure the Game Master is well prepared and has sufficient free time to manage the game, and that the players also stay active and involved, and you'll be well on your way to an interesting new international timeline.


The source code for the app can be found at:
https://bitbucket.org/seanrjohnson/worldsim

I've been meaning to include a few more admin tools to make setting up a turn easier for the Game Master.  Also, I need to write a tutorial on how to even enter turn data (you can figure it out by looking at the parser code, but there should definitely be a tutorial so you don't have to...).  Honestly though, until/unless I or someone else actually makes plans to run a game, I probably won't find time for these things, so if you want to run a game, let me know and I'll do what I can to make it as easy as possible for you.

Sunday, February 3, 2013

Worldsim web application tutorial

Last updated: Feb 3, 2013

Figure 1: How the app looks when you log in

When you log in to worldsim, you are presented with a window that looks like the figure 1.  On the very top right it you can see what turn it is, in this case turn 1, when the turn is scheduled to end, Feb 8, and there is a logout button.  Between turns, there will also be a big red capitalized "LOCKED".  This lets you know that the game is between turns, and many game actions are prohibited, such as making policies, and treaties.  Any actions made when the game is locked are not guaranteed to be read by the admin, and won't count as "official" (most of these actions will be refused by the server, but it's possible that I didn't block all the actions I should have).

The worldsim program is divided up into "windows" (I may also sometimes refer to them as "views").  The big dark grey rectangle near the top of the screen lets you select which windows are open.  There are two kinds of windows, "toggle" windows, and "swap" windows.  The toggle windows are "Mail", "Resources", and "Users".  These windows can share the screen with any other toggle windows, and with a "swap" window.  The other windows are swap windows, there can only be one swap window up at a time.  Clicking the name of a toggle window will toggle it on or off.  Clicking the name of a swap window will turn off the current swap window and turn on the one you clicked.

At the bottom of the screen is the chat bar.

Now I'll explain each of the windows individually.

Figure 2: the cover window

The cover window lists general information about your country, the news for the turn, and research results.  News tells you important events going on in your country that you should react to this turn.  Research results tell you about technical advances achieved from allocating R&D the previous turn.
This view is not interactive, and will not change during the turn.


Figure 3: the map window

The map window shows a map of the world, and world news.  The map window is the same for all players.  Everybody sees the same map and the same world news.  Most turns, the world news will include a listing of "WPI" values.  WPI is short for World Price Index.  Each tradable resource has a WPI, the WPI is calculated by a complicated formula comprehensible only to the worlds best economists, but the WPI value for any given resource is usually close to the average purchasing price for that resource among all countries.  If you can buy a resource for less than the WPI, it might be a good idea to try to trade that resource to other countries,  likewise if it costs you more than the WPI to buy a resource it might be cheaper for you to get that resource through trading.



Figure 4: Make Offer window

The make offer window is where you propose trades.  Under the text "Active Offers" is a list box that lists trades you are currently proposing.  The name listed is a summary of the trade, every word in the name starts with "O" for "out" or "I" for "in", followed by a number, and the first three letters of a resource name.  For the trade listed in fig 4, you can see just by the name "O1kru I4poi" that this trade involves selling 1 krust to another country in return for 4 points.  To stop offering a trade, select it and click the "Delete" button.  To see more details about a trade click the "View" button.
Clicking the view button will modify the bottom part of the window to match the currently selected Active offer.  You can't change the terms of an Active offer, but you can view it, delete it, change the terms, and then resubmit the modified version.

Targets lists all the countries with checkboxes next to their names.  A checkbox corresponds to the country name to the right of the checkbox.  By default, the checkboxes of your "trade partners" will be selected,  a trade partner is a country where you have an embassy, and that has an embassy in your country.  Trades can only be executed between trade partners, but you can propose a trade to anybody, and then execute the trade once both countries have embassies.

The "All", "Partners" and "None" buttons change which boxes are selected (in hopefully obvious ways).

Below that are the terms of the trade.  Terms can be selected and deleted with the "Delete Terms" button.  Note that this will not remove terms from an active trade (as explained above).  If a term is listed as "In" then that resource will enter your country when the another country accepts the trade.  If a term is listed as "Out" then that resource will be sent to the other country.

You can add terms to a trade with the next group of buttons.  The first drop down menu lets you select whether the resource will enter ("In") or leave ("Out") your country.  In the blank space, write in a positive integer for the amount of that resource to change hands.  In the final drop down, you can choose which resource the term involves.

Sometimes you can trade out resources that you don't have any of.  If the "Buy resources to meet demand" is checked, your country will automatically spend points to buy the resource if another country accepts the trade, but you don't have enough of the "out" resources in stock to cover the trade.  This option is off by default, but it can be useful if you are trading a resource for more points than it costs you to create that resource.  Be wary though, you can easily run out of a resource and be below your minimum at the end of the turn if you aren't careful (but you'll probably have enough points to buy up to your minimum, just be sure to check near the end of the turn).

"Number of trades" is how many times a trade can be accepted before it automatically disappears.  If you are selling some resource, you may want to set this to an arbitrarily high number, like 10000, but if you are just trying to buy up to your minimum, you will want to keep this at some low number.  It defaults to 1.
Figure 5: View offers window

The view offers window is where you can see which trades are being proposed by other countries.  The first list box lists the trades being offered.  The first word in the name of a trade is the first four letters of the name of the country offering the trade.  The next part of the name has a code that is just like the one in the "Make offers" view (See above).  Selecting a trade name and clicking "view" will make the bottom part of the window show more details about the trade.  "Source" is the full name of the country offering the trade.  If you do not mutually share embassies with that country big red letters saying "Not Trade Partners" will appear, letting you know that you won't actually be allowed to accept this trade until embassies are established.  Next are the terms of the trade.  Note that these terms are relative to the country offering the trade (and not relative to your country),  therefore when it says "In", that resource will actually leave your country and go "In" to the offering country.  Likewise when it says "Out", those resources will enter your country.  (This might be a little confusing, I had trouble thinking of unambiguous terminology for this view, if you have suggestions, please let me know).


Figure 6: Policies window

The policies window has several functions.  It is where you buy resources and describe most of the country's internal policies.  A policy consists of a name, a description and associated actions.  Every policy should have a name (even if it is a simple one like "buy edibulls"). If a policy doesn't have a name it will be hard to see it in the list when you save or enact it.  Most policies will also have descriptions and associated actions, but some may lack one or the other of them.  The description explains in words what the policy's goals and execution strategy are.  If the description is obvious, like "buy edibulls to meet minimums", it can be omitted, but there may be an advantage to writing something clever even for mundane policies, perhaps (maybe something like "buy edibulls to meet minimums, instructing farmers to keep a close watch for signs of crop diseases", if there has been a recent outbreak in your country).  When buying units that aren't tradable resources, a description is mandatory (see the description in fig 6).

Three kinds of actions can be associated with a policy, "Buy", "Liquidate", or "Allocate".  "Buying" a resource will exchange points for units of that resource.  "Liquidating" will exchange a resource for points (note that some resources that can be liquidated do not give you any points when they are liquidated, but you may have political reasons to liquidate them).  "Allocating" a resource means designating that amount of resources to make the policy more effective.  Except for R&D, allocated resources are spent, and do not come back the next turn.  The most common resources to allocate are points and R&D, but other kinds of resources can be spent if appropriate.  It does not make sense to allocate resources such as Economy, People, Health, or Culture, in most cases, if you think you need to allocate these resources, what you actually should be doing is "Buying" them.  Also, military units cannot be allocated in the "Policies" window because there is a special window dedicated for military moves (see below).

After a description has been written and actions added, a policy can be either "Saved" or "Enacted".  A saved policy is not yet official, saving just lets you archive a policy that you think you might want to enact later.  Saved policies can be viewed, edited and enacted later if desired.  Enacting a policy makes the policy official.  All policies that have been enacted when the turn ends will be considered official and will affect what changes happen to your country during the turn transition.  Some policies can be "unenacted" with the "Request Removal" button without consequence as long as the game is not locked.  Policies involving buying or liquidating resources, however, cannot be removed once enacted, so be careful when making these policies.

Figure 7: Taxes window

The taxes window is similar the policies window, except that it has a more narrow focus.  All tax policies must have a name, a description, and a "Target revenue".  The description tells what the tax will be on, and possibly how it will be collected, and other details you deem important.  "Target revenue" is how many points you expect your government to make from the tax.  It is important to realize that this is just a "Target", depending on the description you provide, your government may not make as much as you expect (for example if you try to make hundreds of points off of taxing some activity that isn't very common), less often, you might make more money than you expect.

"Total Expected Revenue" is the sum of the revenues from all of your taxes.

It is possible to have nominal taxes or "negative" taxes, for political reasons, but these kinds of policies could also be submitted in the "Policies" window.

Taxes can be added or removed freely up until the turn ends.




Figure 8: Treaties window.  A new treaty being written (left).  A treaty that has been submitted and has parties with various statuses (right)

A treaty is a policy that is shared between two or more countries.  A treaty consists of a name, a description, and a list of countries.  Each country in the list has one of three statuses. It has either made no action involving the treaty ("Pending"), signed the treaty ("Signed"), or withdrawn or declined the treaty ("Withdrawn or Declined").  In most cases, only countries with the status "Signed" when the turn ends will be considered party to a treaty (although signing and then withdrawing, or refusing to sign can have consequences depending on the treaty).  Exchange of physical goods such, like points and tradable resources agreed to in a treaty must be executed via the "make offers" and "view offers" windows.  Exchange of more abstract things like technology will occur between turns among the countries who are "signed" when the turn ends.

To propose a new treaty, click "New Treaty", then enter the name and text, then add countries by highlighting their names and pressing the "-->" button.  Countries can be removed by highlighting their name in the "Parties" list and pressing the "<--" button.  The country proposing a treaty must be a party to it (you can't remove yourself from the parties list), and will sign it automatically upon submitting.  Pressing submit will put the treaty in the "Pending" list of all party countries.  When a treaty is submitted, party countries will receive a chat message telling them someone has proposed a treaty to them.

You can sign a treaty by clicking its name in the "Pending" list, and then clicking "View", and finally "Sign", which will be next to "New Treaty".  You must view a treaty before signing it, but you can decline or withdraw from a treaty just by selecting its name in the singed or pending list, and then clicking "withdraw" or "decline".  When your status changes, other parties of the treaty will be sent a chat message.

Once you have declined or withdrawn from a treaty, you cannot resign the same treaty, if you want to be a party, you will have to propose a new treaty and hope that all of the countries that were members of the old one agree to be members of the new one too.



Figure 9: Embassies window

The embassies window is where you establish embassies in other countries and allow them to establish embassies in your country.  To establish an embassy you must have a certain number of Political Diplomacy (PD) units allocated to a country.  The exact number of units you need depends on the history between your country an another country.  You can allocate, or remove PD units from a country using the "+1" and "-1" buttons in the same line as that country.  It can be advantageous to have more than the minimum number of PD points for an embassy allocated to a country, it can also be advantageous to allocate PD points to countries you don't have an embassy in.  Be careful though, allocating PD units removes them from your "current" pool, and may put you below your minimum (see the FAQ for more details on why this might be bad).  To have an embassy, you must have enough PD points allocated, then you must "Request" an embassy, and the country where you request the embassy must "accept" your request.  You can expel an embassy from your country whenever you want, and you can also withdraw your embassy from other countries whenever you want.


Figure 10: Military window

The military view is where you make policies involving deploying military units.  A military policy has a name, a "Public Reason", a "Real Reason", and list of assigned units.  The "Public Reason" is the reason your country announces publicly for why they are moving around thousands of troops.  The "Real Reason" describes what your troops will actually be equipped for and try to execute.
Assigned units are how many of each kind of military unit assigned to the mission.

In most cases, the "Public Reason" will be announced to the world via chat, or an update to the world map.  But this does not happen automatically, so covert operations can also be described in the Military window.  Note, however, that each single unit of military represents thousands of troops, for smaller scale operations, and particularly spying (which requires R&D to be allocated), you can use the Policies window, and allocate points.

Troop movements require approval from an Admin to become fully deployed, or to withdraw from combat once active.  the "Deploying" list is a list military actions that you have submitted, but have not yet been approved.  Once approved, they will move into the "Active" list.  To cease an active operation, select it and press "Withdraw", this will  move it into the "Withdrawing" list, and to complete withdrawing, the withdrawal will have to be approved by an admin.

Figure 11: Download window

The download window allows you to access all the data for your country in a format that can be pasted into Excel, or read by other software.  It also gives you access to data about your country in previous turns.  You can completely ignore the Download window, and still be an effective worldsim player.  It's just here for the geeks, and other people who want to analyze the data about their country in ways that are difficult in the web interface.


Figure 12: Mail window

The mail window is where you send and receive private messages.  The interface is a lot like the treaties window.  You add and remove recipients with the left and right arrow buttons.  And send with the "Send" button.  You can send messages to your own country (potentially useful if you have a team of more than one person) or to the Admin.  All messages should have both a name and text.


Figure 13: Chat

The chat bar sits at the bottom of the screen.  The chat bar shows three kinds of messages: chat between players, game events, and "errors".  Chat between players is always "global", meaning that when you send a chat message, it shows up in everybody's chat window.  For private messages, use the "Mail" window.  Game event messages include messages to tell you when someone has requested an embassy in your country, or when a treaty has been signed, or a trade has been executed.  Gane event messages are usually not global, but they can be, for example if someone signs a treaty that every country is a party to.   "Error" messages are messages specific to a user, they tell when a requested action fails, for example if you try to accept a trade from a country you have no embassy it.  The message you get when you send a "Mail" is also considered an "error message" even though it isn't really an error.  Error messages go away when you log out, and are never seen by your teammates.

There are a few options to change what appears in the chat window.  To see these options, press the button with the asterisk "*" on it, at the far right hand side of the chat bar.

You can minimize the chat window with the "-" button at the bottom left of the chat bar. Press it again to bring chat back up.


 Figure 14: Resources window

The resources window tells you all about your points and resources.  "Start" tells you how many of that resource you started the round with.  "Current" tells you how many units are in your country right now.  "Min" tells you how many units must be in your country at the end of the turn to avoid possible negative consequences.  "Cost" is how many points it costs to buy the resource (using the policies view).  "Scrap" is how many points you get for liquidating a resource.

Boxes in the "Current" column can have different colors.  The text is green if you are above minimum, red if you are below, and black if you are at minimum.




Figure 15: User Data window

The user data window gives you information about the players of the game.  The column names are self explanatory.



Ok, that's it for now.  Let me know if anything needs more explanation.

Thursday, January 17, 2013

Countries of the World



Based on this information, you should have a pretty good feel for the countries and be able to pick one you like.

Countries already taken are: Mangovia and Turtuvo

All data given here is for the first turn of the game only, and can and will change based on player actions


Amatafel

Type of Government:  Shaktah-Dictatorship
Population: High
Ethnicity:  Orange
Religion:  Mostly Ru-shaktah, with a significant Bi-shakta population
Suffrage:  None
GDP:  low-mid
History:  A society dominated by religion.  Centuries ago, the Shaktah tribes were united by a powerful warlord.  Under his dynasty, which still remains in power, the population was indoctrinated with increasingly radical Ru-Shaktah principles and other religions were heavily persecuted.  During the Continental War, the long civil war between Amatafel and Surikata separatists terminated in a loss for Amatafel and an uneasy peace exists between the two nations.

Chasekspi
(The People's Republic of Chasekspi)

Type of Government: Socialist Republic
Population: Very-high
Ethnicity:  Violet with silver and burgundy minorities
Religion: Flajolie with a significant Grothlic minority
Suffrage:  Universal over 21
GDP:  High-mid
History:  The shaky monarchy in Chasekspi finally collapsed after the country was invaded by Goripul in the Continental War, this also caused the Chasekspi to lose its territorial holding of Turtuvo.  A highly popular communist regime has risen from the ensuing anarchy in this troubled economic powerhouse.

Kapobatil

Type of Government: Confederation
Population: Mid-high
Ethnicity:  Silver, some blue, some violet
Religion: Grothlic, some Drubican
Suffrage:  Varies by member state
GDP:  Very high
History:  A highly industrialized nation with vast mineral resources but terrain mostly unsuitable for farming.  Kapobatil once controlled both Furvoya and Turtuvo.  Then it lost Turtuvo to Chasekspi, and, in the Continental War, granted Furvoya independence.  Despite the prosperity of the country on a whole, its wealth is highly polarized.

Goripul

Type of Government: Constitutional Monarchy
Population: Mid
Ethnicity:  Blue, some violet, some silver
Religion: Flajolie majority, large Grothlic minority, some Vervish
Suffrage:  Universal
GDP:  Very high
History:  Historic rival of Kapobatil for continental and colonial power.  Recently instigated the Continental War by invading Chasekspi.  After an ultimately unsuccessful campaign against Kapobatil, Goripul was forced to agree to harsh terms of defeat, giving up territorial gains and agreeing to pay large reparations to Kapobatil.


Furvoya

Type of Government: Republic
Population: Low
Ethnicity:  Blue, large maroon minority, some orange
Religion: Majority flajolie, Bi-Shaktah, Grothlic and Vervish minorities
Suffrage:  Blue male over 21
GDP:  Low
History:  Furvoya was a colony of Kapobatil until it was recently granted its independence after a violent revolution.  Despite this, many people in Furvoya retain sympathy for Kapobatil.  Compared to continental powers, Furvoya is militarily weak, but is rich in resources and arable land.  The population is overwhelmingly rural and the country faces a huge challenge in overcoming its race based class system.


Mangovia

Type of Government: Theocracy
Population: Mid
Ethnicity:  Almost exclusively green
Religion: Almost exclusively Mangovish
Suffrage:  None
GDP:  Mid
History:  Mangovia preserves its ancient traditions, and is ruled by a High-Priest King.  It fights off colonization attempts every time they are tried.  These resource rich islands must reconcile their traditional ways with a modernizing economy.


Surikata

Type of Government:  Republic
Population: Low
Ethnicity:  Orange, some burgundy, some blue
Religion: Half Vervish, large Bi-Shaktah minority, some Flajolie and Ru-Shaktah
Suffrage:  Universal over 18
GDP:  Low
History:  Made up mostly of Vervish and Bi-Shaktah fleeing persecution in Amatafel, with aid from Turtuvo, Surikata recently won its decades old civil-war against Amatafel.  Despite its abysmal relations with neighboring Amatafel, citizens of Surikata remain optimistic about the future, and are among the most resourceful and progressive people on the planet.


Turtuvo

Type of Government:  Republic
Population: Low-mid
Ethnicity:  Diverse
Religion: Diverse
Suffrage:  Universal over 18
GDP:  Mid
History:  Colonized at one point by Goripul, later conquered by Kapobatil and finally taken over by Chasekspi, Turtuvo's location in the center of the world is a fitting symbol for its ethnically diverse population.  Already nearly autonomous, the Continental War and subsequent collapse of Chasekspi, gave Turtuvo the chance to quietly declare independence.  Turtuvo's first major action in world politics was to send what aid they could to help Surikata whose struggle against an inflexible and domineering outside influence they viewed as parallel to their own.  Resources in Turtuvo are varied but sparse, and its biggest challenge may be to preserve the spirit of goodwill between its varied cultures that has taken root in the wake of its independence.



Countries listed by increasing population (lowest first)
Surikata
Furvoya
Turtuvo
Mangovia
Goripul
Kapobatil
Amatafel
Chasekspi

Countries listed by increasing GDP (lowest first)
Surikata
Furvoya
Mangovia
Amatafel
Turtuvo
Chasekspi
Goripul
Kapobatil


Countries listed by increasing Army strength (lowest first)
Mangovia
Surikata
Turtuvo
Furvoya
Chasekspi
Amatafel
Goripul
Kapobatil


Countries listed by increasing Navy strenght (lowest first)
Surikata
Furvoya
Turtuvo
Chasekspi
Amatafel
Mangovia
Goripul
Kapobatil

Timeline



It is a time of turmoil, shifting borders and uncertainty for countries around the world. The greatest war in the history of the world has just concluded. Here is a timeline of that war.


A group within Furvoya declares the independence of Furvoya from Kapobatil.

The revolutionaries win some surprising victories and gain popular support in Furvoya

Kapobatil dispatches a large force of reinforcements to quell the revolution in Furvoya

Goripul declares war on Chasekspi and seizes large amounts of territory

Monarchy in Chasekspi collapses

Turtuvo declares independence

Goripul declares war on Kapobatil, striking while a portion of Kapobatil's army and navy are fighting in Furvoya.

Kapobatil panics, grants Furvoya independence, and recalls its troops to defend the homeland.

Forces from Goripul advance deep into Kapobatil before the onset of winter forces them to wait for better conditions before continuing north.

Turtuvo, now free to conduct foreign policy as it chooses, sends modern weaponry to Surikata that turns the tide in their decades old civil war with Amatafel and forces an uneasy peace.

Forces return to Kapobatil from Furvoya

Kapobatil launches a final desperate counter offensive in the dead of winter, and succeeds in driving Goripul back to the border, and eventually back into Goripul's own territory.

Representatives from Goripul and Kapobatil meet to work out a treaty to end the war.  As part of the treaty, Goripul surrenders all territorial gains from the war and agrees to pay large amounts in reparations to Kapobatil.


Chasekspi declares itself the People's Republic of Chasekspi and celebrates with a huge parade through the capital.

Ethnicities and Religions of the World

Ethncities of the World

Maroon – natives of Furvoya

Burgundy – very similar in appearance and probably heritage to Maroon people, they are natives of Turtuvo

Green – Mangovian islanders

Orange – natives of Amatafel

Silver– originally from the northern third of the large continent

Blue – From the center of the continent

Violet – From the southern part of the continent



Religions of the World*

Mangovish: A distinct religion found only in Mangovia, it is closely tied with the government of Mangovia. It is an ancient religion, and resists change and outside influence, almost always peacefully but if need be, violently.

Shaktah: an offshoot of the Vervish religion that has now greatly overtaken it in terms of numbers adherents.

Ru-Shaktah: violent sect of the Shaktah religion. Most consider this a radical religion. Does not get along well with any other religion, especially the Vervish religion.

Bi-Shaktah: peaceful sect of the Shaktah religion. Can live harmoniously with most religions.

Grothlic: an ancient religion that has at times used violence to achieve its goals. The head of this religion is located in Kapobatil.

Drubican: a religion found on the islands Lac, Bov, and Shalm, as well as in small settlements scattered throughout the continent. It is a very docile religion and does not pose a threat to anyone. It's adherents consider the island Lac to be sacred.

Flajolie: an offshoot of the Grothlic religion. It subtly dictates policy in any country where the majority of the population is this faith. This religion believes it is the true religion.

Vervish: the oldest of all religions. Not many people belong to this faith, but those who do are proud of it, will fight for it, and have unusual influence on countries.

*All religions appearing in this game are fictional. Any resemblance to real religions, living or dead, is purely coincidental.

Islands of The World

Bov- (Goripul) Bov is the smaller of the two islands in Bovshalm Bay. It produces edibulls.

Dim- located just near the equator, Dim is a hot, desolate, volcanically active island, inhabited only by snakes, scorpions, the small mammals and birds that they eat, and the larger mammals and birds that eat them. Dim is rich in mineral resources.

Icks- (Amatafel) Between Turtuvo and Amatafel. Resources are unkown.

Iss- (Amatafel) East of Amatafel. Iss is a cold, dry island, that produces blista.

Kun- (Goripul) Between the Continent, and Mangovia, Kun produces scrapdus.

Lac- a rocky island northeast of Kapobatil, it is not controlled by any nation, but is the religious center for the Drubican religion, and home to a number of its adherents as well as its leader, and a good many auks. There are not significant amounts of any resource there... except auks.

Shalm- (Kapobatil) Shalm is the larger of the two islands in Bovshalm Bay, and produces Krust.

Yot- Just to the west of Furvoya, Yot is covered in a dense forest, and is home to a great number of endemic species, but no people. No resources have been found here yet.

Sunday, January 6, 2013

FAQ

Here are the answers to some frequently asked questions about how to play Worldsim, if you have other questions let me know in the comments or by e-mail and I will expand this.  Also I recommend reading the "Game Rules" post, that I put up previously.

Q. What is a "minimum" what is the consequence of having a resource below its minimum at the end of a turn?
A. "Minimums" represent the lowest amount of a given resource that your country must have to avoid political consequences, or a decrease in the standard of living. The exact consequences will depend on the country, the resource, how far below the minimum it is, as well as other current events. For example being 1 unit below the minimum for edibulls does not necessarily mean that people will starve. It may mean that food prices increase, which could lead to rioting, which could cause a decrease in productivity and make other resources more expensive in the next round.


Q. Is there any advantage to being above the "minimum" for a resource?
A. There are many reasons why you may want to buy or trade for resources above your minimums. For the tradable resources (edibulls, scrapdus, blista, greeslik, krust, finosh), having above the minimums represents saving for the future. So if you think a resource will become more expensive to produce, or more difficult to trade for in future rounds, you may want to stock up on it by buying above your minimum.

Buying R&D above minimum just means that you have more to allocate towards research and intelligence.

Players will also often buy other nontradable resources (treasury, economy, people, health, culture) above minimum. Remember that the minimum is just the lowest amount that must be present to avoid political consequences or a decrease in the standard of living. Staying at the minimum means maintaining the status-quo. Buying above minimums (making sure to also include a textual description of what that purchase represents) will (most likely) result in an increase in the standard of living in the country. This will probably mean that the minimum for future turns will increase to the new level as people become accustomed to the new higher standard of living, but that is often a good thing.


Q. How do I know which resources to allocate towards a specific project?
A. If there is a nontradable resource (treasury, economy, people, health, culture) that seems related to the policy you have in mind, buy that resource as part of the policy. If you dont want to spend as many points as it takes to buy that resource, then just allocate points, in fact most policies can be made more effective, to some extent, by allocating points (in effect, throwing money at the problem). If the policy involves spying, counter-spying, conducting internal investigations (opinion polls, censuses, reports on the eductation system, etc.) use R&D. If the policy involves deploying the national guard or sending troops out of the country, create a "military action" in the military window.


Q. How specific should I be in describing policies and R&D
A. Short-answer: as specific as you can be.
Longer answer: The descriptions you provide are used to determine the consequences of your policies, and to determine whether or not your country has the capability to execute the policy effectively with the resources you have allocated towards it. Basically your job is to convince me that your policy will do what you say it will, and won't have any bad side effects. If you are too vague, I will have to make assumptions, which may or may not work out in your favor.


Q. Why is the minimum level for troops always at or above the total number that my country posesses?
A. Sending troops abroad always results in political consequences of some form or another. The severity of these consequences can obviously greatly vary depending on the unique situation of the country, and the rewards may or may not be worth the risk, but no country can send thousands of its most able bodied citizens out of the country and not expect to have any consequences back home.
A minimum troop level above the total number of troops your country posesses is generally bad news, and will usually only happen in times of extreme unrest, civil war, or invasion.


Q. How do I get more points?
A. Every round, you should set tax policies in the "Taxes" window. A tax policy consists of a name, a description, and a target revenue. The name can be whatever you want it to be. In the description, you should describe the tax in as much detail as you can (is it a sales tax, an individual income tax, a corporate income tax etc., are there different brackets, are there any groups that are exempt, etc.)
Target Revenue indicates the number of points that will be added to your points pool between this round and next round. There is no one single way to increase the amount you can tax your people, it is dependent on a wide array of factors, such as technology, type of government, GDP, population, abundance of natural resources, policies/laws that have been enacted, etc... If your taxes are too low, you risk not being able to afford critical resources and policies, if too high, you risk angering your people and/or hindering economic growth.
The number of points you started out the first turn with is a "reasonable" number to tax based on the initial state of your country, but can certainly be adjusted. As the game progresses, the state of your economy will inevitably change, and taxes should be adjusted turn by turn accordingly.


Q. Are there any other uses for taxes than for generating income for my country?
A. Yes! Countries often use taxes as a way to manipulate the spending behavior of citizens. So if you want to try to get your people to smoke fewer cigarettes or drink fewer martinis you can enact cigarette or martini taxes. If you aren't particularly concerned with how much revenue these taxes generate, you can enter "0" for target revenue. You can also use the "Taxes" window for tax rebates and tax exemptions, for such policies enter negative numbers (or zero) for "Target Revenue". These kinds of policies can also be entered in the "Policies" window if you want, or if the mechanics seem more applicable/convenient for what you're trying to do.


Q. Do all policies need points spent on them, is it helpful to spend other kinds of units?
A. Not all policies require points. If the nature of the policy is such that it costs no money to enact or enforce, or if existing government structures can be expected to carry it out, then you don't need to allocate any points. Indeed it is not impossible for a policy to actually generate points, again depending on the nature and wording of that specific policy. Large, expensive projects benefit from having Treasury units spent on them. Even though Points and Treasury are the primary units used to finance policies, if it makes sense for a particular policy, other types of units may be spent as well.


Q. Whats up with R&D ?
A. R&D is unique among resources. All of it can and should be allocated every turn, but it does not go away when allocated, or count against your minimum. Keep in mind that the technology level at the start of the game is ~ where technology was in the first few decades of the 1800's, and any technology past those levels must either be researched or bought from another country. R&D can also be used to spy on other countries. In addition to R&D units, allocating points can also help research.

UPDATE: 1/27/13



Q. How does technology spread?
The most direct way to obtain a technology is to research it yourself.  Make a policy and allocate R&D and perhaps other resources.  You can also attempt to steal technology from another country, again with a policy allocating R&D.  To prevent technology from being stolen, a country can allocate R&D to counterespionage and make policies intended to make the spread of technology more difficult.  Note that the more widely a technology is used within a country the harder it will be to keep that technology from spreading to other countries.  For example, a military technology used only in a few factories will be much easier to keep secret than a manufacturing technique used in every factory in the country.  Countries will also obtain technology passively.  If multiple countries possess a technology and are not all actively trying to prevent its spread, then other countries may pick it up without having to research it or steal it.  Countries can also trade technology through treaties.
A. Note that there is a difference between having the capability for a technology and actually applying it.  For example, just knowing how to make a steam locomotive does not automatically mean your country is covered with rail infrastructure.  To build rail infrastructure you should buy points in “Economy” and write a policy to describe the building of the railways.

Q. What does it mean if my country is “mobilized”?
A. At the start of the game, many countries are mobilized for war.
Mobilizing means summoning military reservists, making troops ready to deploy, and shifting a nation’s economy to prioritize support for the military.  For example, prioritizing the use of transportation infrastructure for moving troops, and war supplies, refitting factories to produce weapons, and preparing hospitals to accept large numbers of war casualties.  Mobilizing for war makes a country’s military far more effective, but mobilization is expensive to initiate and maintain.

Q. Is the world round?
A. Based on geometric calculations, most scientists believe that the world is round, but this hypothesis has not been proven.